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King of Sparta. Campaigned in 396 BC against the Persians in Asia Minor to secure the independence of the Greek cities. In 394 BC he was recalled to face a coalition of the leading Greek cities. Following the Peace of Antalcidas (386 BC) he managed to preserve Spartan hegemony. The ceaseless clashes with Thebes and Athens gradually brought about its downfall. He served as a commander of a mercenary force in Egypt, where he died in 360/359 BC. |
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Antigonus I Monophthalmus (One-Eyed) |
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Antigonus Monophthalmus (382-301 BC) was a general of Alexander the Great, the most important of the successors and founder of the Antigonid dynasty. He was the governor of Phrygia and possibly Lydia in Asia Minor. He was appointed ruler of Asia Minor for a short period of time (311 BC) and he was the first of the Diadochoi to assume the royal title along with his son Demetrius I (306 BC). He was killed in the Battle of Ipsus in 301 BC. |
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Macedonian king (319-239 BC), architect of the restoration of the Macedonian state. He was virtually the first Antigonid to transfer the locus of political power from Asia Minor to Macedonia. Before ascending to the throne (277 BC) he had cooperated with notables of Asia Minor. He possibly made a campaign in Caria in 268 BC and he renewed the Aegean maritime policy of his ancestors, Antigonus I Monophthalmos and Demetrius I Poliorcetes. |
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Macedonian ‘guardian’ of Philip V and ‘general’ following the death of the Macedonian king Demetrius II, he later received the royal title. The campaign he conducted in Caria (227-225 BC) is a continuation of the first Antigonid attempts and underlines Antigonid interest in Asia Minor. |
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Antiochus I (1st cent. BC) was one of the most important kings of Commagene. During his reign his kingdom became considerably more powerful. He also introduced important religious reforms and erected an imposing mausoleum in Nemrut Dağ. |
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