Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Μ. Ασία

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Αναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΑΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΒΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΓΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΔΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΕΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΖΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΗΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΘΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΙΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΚΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΛΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΜΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΝΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΞΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΟΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΠΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΡΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΣΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΤΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΥΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΦΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΧΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΨΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα Ω

Province of Asia (Byzantium)

Συγγραφή : IBR , Ragia Efi (5/2/2002)
Μετάφραση : Koutras Nikolaos

Για παραπομπή: IBR , Ragia Efi, "Province of Asia (Byzantium) ",
Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Μ. Ασία
URL: <http://www.ehw.gr/l.aspx?id=7629>
Ασίας Επαρχία (Βυζάντιο) (4/2/2008 v.1) Province of Asia (Byzantium) (15/1/2010 v.1) 

ΓΛΩΣΣΑΡΙΟ
 

concilium provinciae
The term pertained the council of the cities' representatives in late antiquity, who usually regarded with cities that formed part of a particular administrative unit. The concilium proviniciae had the duty to meet the resolution of every problem of common interest as far as the specific cities were concerned, as well as to appeal to the imperial officials at Constantinople or to denounce the provincial officials.

cursus publicus
Byzantine empire: the service of the public post (office), "δρόμος", dispached into carrying the official correspondence as well as articles concerning the administering of the empire, but also applied to the military and the provincial administration. Two departments, manned with slaves, performed the duty: the cursus velox, that used horses, and the cursus clabularis, that used ox carts. Ocasionaly the cooperation of individual entrepreneur was in effect. Under Justinian I (527-565) the department of the cursus clabularis was abolished. The department of the cursus velox was abolished in the 12th c. in Asia Minor and soon after in the Balcans as well. The office was administered by the Curiosus Cursus Publici Praesentalis under the Magister Officiorum, the logothetes tou dromou (λογοθέτης του δρόμου) and in the end by an interpeteur (ερμηνευτής).

dioiketes
Middle - Late byzantine era: an official of the fiscal service, whose jurisdiction applied to a certain territory.

Fourth Ecumenical Council (Chalcedon, 451)
The Fourth Ecumenical Council assembled in 451 at Chalcedon in order to retract the interpetation of the council of Ephesus (449) on the nature of Jesus Christe.

horrearius
1. Rome: official in charge of the operation of the public storage spaces, that principally served the state but, occasionally, the private individuals as well. 2. Byzantium: official of the fiscal service who was in charge of the running of commodities heaped inside the horrea (storage spaces within the borders of the imperial estates).

kommerkiarios (commerciarius)
An official of the fiscal service in charge of the levying of the tax called commercion (δεκάτη<, 10%), that was imposed over the portage and the selling of articles. The jurisdinction of each commerciarius was exersised either over specific urban centers with vivid commercial activity or over particular widespread territories of the empire. Since the official had been appointed by the emperor himself he used to be called "royal commerciarius". In the Late Byzantine era the commerciarius acted also as an individual entrepreneur who used to merchandise silk for his own interest.

magister militum
Senior military commander in the Roman and Early Byzantine period. The office was given to the commander of the forces based on the province: magister militum per Armeniam: general commander of Armenia (established by Justinian I), magister militum per Illyricum: of Illyricum, magister militum per Orientem: of the eastern provinces, magister militum praesentalis: in command of the army based on the imperial court, magister utriusque militiae: the general commander of all land military forces, that is, cavalry and infantry.

praetorian prefect (praefectus praetorio)
Commander of the emperor's bodyguard under the principate. During the regne of Constantine I the praetorian prefect becomes a dignitary responsible for the administrative unit called the prefecture, which was subdivided into dioceses. In 400 A.D. there were four such praetorian prefectures, of Oriens, of Illyricum, of Illyricum, Italia and Africa and of Gallia. The praetorian prefects were second only to the emperor. The praetorian prefect of Oriens was the mightiest among prefects. His office is for the last time mentioned in 680.

praetorian prefect of Oriens (Praefectus Praetorio per Orientem)
The latest mention of the office is dated to the year 680. The absolutely high rank official was inequable only to the emperor and possesed a superior rank in compare to all praetorian prefects. He headed the administration of the praefectura praetorio per Orientem.

praetorian prefecture (praefecura praitorio)
In Late Roman Empire it was the basic administrative unit. Prefectures were estabished by Constantine I (4th century). The Empire was then divided to four praetorian prefectures: i) praefectura praetorio per Orientem (prefecture of Oriens), ii) praefectura praetorio Galliarum (prefecture of Galliae), iii) praefectura praetorio per Illyricum (prefecture of Illyricum), iv) praefectura praetorio Italiae, Illyrici et Africae (prefecture of Italia and Africa).

Precedence List (taktikon protokathedrias)
In the Middle Byzantine period the presedance lists ( τακτικά πρωτοκαθεδρίας or τακτικά της καθέδρας or κλητορολόγια or κλητοροθέσια) catalogued the officials who participated to the formal ceremonies of the imperial palace, naming the rank of the dignities with office and without office (i.e. pure titles) in order to preserve the court etiquette. Four precedence list are still preserved: Uspenskij, Philotheos', Benescevic, de l' Escurial.

proconsul, -lis
A quite high ranking official, vir spectabilis according to the rank of the senate, who was inequable only to the Domestikos of the Scholae and to the Magister Militum per Orientem. The proconsul usually served as a governor of the Imperial provinces (i.e. in Asia Minor the provinces of Asia and Cappadocia). The office was demoted from the 9th century onwards and the term was in use until the 12th century meaning a dignity.

sacerdos provinciae
An elect high priest active in all provinces of the Roman empire, responsible for the worship of the city of Rome and the emperor.

senator, the (1. Roman, 2. Byzantine)
1. A Roman body of men that originally advised the king and then the consuls; Heredity was not the only means of joining the senate and “new men” or novi homines could become part of it; Augustus revised the senate and left the body with less power and bolstered hereditary claims as a means to enter the senate; it continued to make laws and conferred powers on new emperors.2. Member of the senate. The senate, a roman institution transferred from Rome to Constantinople by Constantine I during the Byzantine period was an advisory body whose rights and responsibilities were not clearly defined. It was consisted of imperial officers coming from the upper and were ranked according to hierarchical levels: viri illustri (perfectus praetoriae and the magister), viri spectabili (proconsul, vicarius and the comes), viri clarissimi (consul praetoriae) and viri perfectissimi (praeses and duces). Since the 6th c. AD a new title was established for the upper officers (viri gloriosi). The years that followed officials were entitled to officers regardless their position as senators or if they were about to be admitted to this body.

theme
A Byzantine term that signifies wide military and administrative units under the administration of a strategos (general). The institution was consolidated in the 7th century and was characteristic for the organization and the division of Byzantine Empire at the Middle Byzantine period. The term applies also to the army unit that resided in each administrative unit and was staffed by farmer-soldiers. The thematic system was maintained until the end of Byzantine period. However, in the Later Byzantine period it was used in order to declare mostly tax units.

vicarius
Τhe term refers to the substitute of various officials. Since the 3rd century, the vicarius replaced mostly procuratores from the equestrian class. The most important vicarii were those who replaced the Praetorian eparchs in the dioceses set up by Diocletian. In addition, the vicarii could have military (like the command of the garrison in Egypt) or even judicial responsibilities.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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