katepano
(from "epano","above") Governor of a katepania. Title that from the end of the 10th century characterized the commanders of large provinces as Italy or Mesopotamia and from the 11th century, it was used also in the regions of Bulgaria, Antioch etc.

kommerkiarios (commerciarius)
An official of the fiscal service in charge of the levying of the tax called commercion (δεκάτη<, 10%), that was imposed over the portage and the selling of articles. The jurisdinction of each commerciarius was exersised either over specific urban centers with vivid commercial activity or over particular widespread territories of the empire. Since the official had been appointed by the emperor himself he used to be called "royal commerciarius". In the Late Byzantine era the commerciarius acted also as an individual entrepreneur who used to merchandise silk for his own interest.

pakton
From lat. pactum. A term of Byzantine diplomacy, designating the treaty between two states or peoples, and also the sum of money that was paid as tribute.

pater civitatis
(lat., mean. the Father of the City). An office dating to the Late Antiqity and Early Byzantine years. It was an office of local civil administration and designates a magistrate whose responsibility was the restoration and maintenance of the city.

proteuon, protos
Known in the West already in Antiquity (lat. principalis), the title designated local city officials. In the East it emerges in the late 3rd C. and it dissapears from the sources by the early 7th C. It was ascribed to the curiales of the cities.

spatharokandidatos
A lesser title in the Byzantine court hierarchy. The title first emerges in 645 and probably designates the kandidatoi who were also granted the title of spatharios.

strategos ("general")
During the Roman period his duties were mainly political. Οffice of the Byzantine state´s provincial administration. At first the title was given to the military and political administrator of the themes, namely of the big geographic and administrative unities of the Byzantine empire. Gradually the title lost its power and, already in the 11th century, strategoi were turned to simple commanders of military units, responsible for the defence of a region.

tourmarch
Civilian and military commander of a tourma, subdivision of a theme.