Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Μ. Ασία

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Byzantine army in Asia Minor

Συγγραφή : Cheynet Jean-Claude (18/8/2008)
Μετάφραση : Andriopoulou Vera

Για παραπομπή: Cheynet Jean-Claude, "Byzantine army in Asia Minor",
Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Μ. Ασία
URL: <http://www.ehw.gr/l.aspx?id=12467>
L'armée byzantine en Asie Mineure (10/4/2009 v.1) Βυζαντινός στρατός στη Μικρά Ασία (10/4/2009 v.1) Byzantine army in Asia Minor (10/4/2009 v.1) 

ΓΛΩΣΣΑΡΙΟ
 

Alans
A Sarmato-Iranian people who appeared during the Early Byzantine period. The settled in SE Europe and were quickly assimilated by the Visigoths. During the reign of Andronikos II Palaiologos they offered, in return for permission to settle in imperial territory, to fight against the Ottomans, who were spreading across the Byzantine provinces of Asia Minor. After their defeat, they retreated and turned to looting.

Catalan Company, the
(almugavares, compagnia) A group of fully-armed and highly-trained Catalans mercenary warriors, who numbered a few thousand. In 1303 they came to the assistance of Byzantium against the Turks, but soon they turned against the Empire and took to large-scale looting. They conquered the Burgundian duchy of Athens, after the battle of Orchomenos in Copais, in 1311.

comes
1. A title in the Roman and the Byzantine Empires, designating an official with political but mostly military jurisdiction. Especially the comes Orientis held the position corresponding to that of a vicar in Early Byzantine period. In the years of Justinian I, the comes in head of wider provinces assumed political and military powers, while in the Middle Byzantine period the Opsikion theme was one of the few themes which was the jurisdiction of a comes instead of a strategos.2. A nobility title in medieval Europe.

domestikos ton scholon
Commander of the regiment of scholae. The first officer with this title appears in 767/8. In the 10th C the domesticos became very powerful among the army of the themata; in mid-10th C the office was divided in two, domestikoi ton scholon of the East and those of the West, commanders in chief of the eastern and the western provinces´ army respectively.

doukas (lat. dux)
Antiquity: Roman military commander who, in some provinces, combined military and civil functions.Buzantium: a higher military officer. From the second half of the 10th c. the title indicates the military comander of a larger district. After the 12th c., doukes were called the governors of small themes.

droungarios
A military rank, first mentioned in the 7th century. This officer was in command of a droungos, a subdivision of the provincial army (thema).

emir
(from Arabic amir) Emir meaning "commander" or "general", later also "prince". Also a high title of nobility or office in some Turkic historical states.

kaballarikon thema
(lit. «equestrian theme»). The term occurs in the Byzantine sources from the Middle Byzantine period on, and designates the thematic armies, not referring to any administrative division or theme in particular. The name implies that the soldiers forming the regiments were equestrian (kaballarikon<equus caballus); however, the term was used to designate the army corps in general, equestrian and common foot soldiers alike.

kataphraktoi
Heavy armored horsemen ridind armored horses. They are mentioned in Emperor Maurice's Strategikon in the 6th c., but in the following four centuries they are not reported. Nikephoros II Phokas organised again the corps of the kataphraktoi, which he greatly relied on; he describes it thoroughly in his military treatise Praecepta militaria.

katepano
(from "epano","above") Governor of a katepania. Title that from the end of the 10th century characterized the commanders of large provinces as Italy or Mesopotamia and from the 11th century, it was used also in the regions of Bulgaria, Antioch etc.

kouropalates
A high-ranking dignity, which from Justinian I was conferred on members of the imperial family and on foreign princes. During the 11th c. it was conferred on several generals, not belonging to the imperial family.

logothetes tou dromou
Administrative Byzantine title. Initially official in charge of the public post. From the 7th C he acquired a new role and his responsibilities included ceremonial duties, protection of emperor, general supervision of diplomatic relations and collection of political information.

magister militum per Orientem
Military commander during the Roman and Early Byzantine periods of the Eastern provinces.

strategos ("general")
During the Roman period his duties were mainly political. Οffice of the Byzantine state´s provincial administration. At first the title was given to the military and political administrator of the themes, namely of the big geographic and administrative unities of the Byzantine empire. Gradually the title lost its power and, already in the 11th century, strategoi were turned to simple commanders of military units, responsible for the defence of a region.

stratelates
A high-ranking military official of the 10th and 11th centuries, commanding a military unit called "tagma of the stratelatai".

stratopedarches
1. Commander in chief (1st-2nd c.), general (5th-9th c.)2. stratopedarches of the East and stratopedarches of the West: official designation of the eunuch domesticos ton scholon (10th c.) and of the military commnder (11th-12th c.)3. megas stratopedarches was initially a high-ranking official and afterwards defined the commander of troops (13th - 14th c.).

tagmata (pl.)
Military units stationed in Constantinople and its outskirts during the Middle Byzantine period. The most important tagmata were that of the Scholae, the Excubitors (these originated from respective units of the Early Byzantine period and were organized into an imperial guard and a central strike force by Constantine V), the Vigilia (established by Irene the Athenian) and the Hikanatoi (established by Nicephorus I).

taktikon
1. Adm.: A major source for the organization and development of Byzantine administration. In the Middle Byzantine period the taktika, as presedance lists ( τακτικά πρωτοκαθεδρίας or τακτικά της καθέδρας or κλητορολόγια or κλητοροθέσια) catalogued the officials who participated to the formal ceremonies of the imperial palace. Four precedence list are still preserved: Uspenskij, Philotheos', Benescevic, de l' Escurial. 2. Mil.: A "Taktika" is a famous manual for strategic and tactical military operations by land and by sea. Author in the early 10th century. at Leo F. The text preserved in a compendium and complete the form and influenced the drafting of such handbooks as downstream strategic. 3. Eccl.: The “taktiko”, known also as “Notitia episcopatuum” or syntagmation , in the administration of the Church is a classification list of ecclesiastical authorities according to hierarchy.

theme
A Byzantine term that signifies wide military and administrative units under the administration of a strategos (general). The institution was consolidated in the 7th century and was characteristic for the organization and the division of Byzantine Empire at the Middle Byzantine period. The term applies also to the army unit that resided in each administrative unit and was staffed by farmer-soldiers. The thematic system was maintained until the end of Byzantine period. However, in the Later Byzantine period it was used in order to declare mostly tax units.

tourmarch
Civilian and military commander of a tourma, subdivision of a theme.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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