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Αναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΑΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΒΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΓΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΔΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΕΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΖΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΗΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΘΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΙΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΚΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΛΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΜΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΝΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΞΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΟΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΠΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΡΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΣΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΤΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΥΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΦΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΧΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα ΨΑναζήτηση με το γράμμα Ω

Administrative system in byzantine Asia Minor

Συγγραφή : Cheynet Jean-Claude (20/8/2008)
Μετάφραση : Andriopoulou Vera

Για παραπομπή: Cheynet Jean-Claude, "Administrative system in byzantine Asia Minor",
Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Μ. Ασία
URL: <http://www.ehw.gr/l.aspx?id=12539>
Administration de l'Asie Mineure byzantine (20/11/2011 v.1) Διοικητική οργάνωση της βυζαντινής Μικράς Ασίας (12/6/2008 v.1) Administrative system in byzantine Asia Minor (11/11/2011 v.1) 

ΓΛΩΣΣΑΡΙΟ
 

anagrapheus
A Byzantine fiscal official, whose main function was the revision of the cadaster.

archon
Term that designates a governor in general. When it is not used in a technical sense, it denotes members of the aristocracy, high officers of the byzantine empire and it is even used for independent princes.

chartoularios
Βyzantine officer (from the word charta meaning the official document) with various duties1. In the Early Byzantine period the chartoularii served the officia of high rank, like the prefecturae, being in charge of the archives. In the Middle Byzantine period chartoulari served almost everywhere, being in charge of the archives; the office of megas chartoularios administering the homonymous sekreton appears as well. From the 12 th c. some chartoularii appear to undertake military duty and during the 13th c. the megas chartoularios was an officer of high rank in the court. 2. Ecclesiastical officer, in charge of the archives (close to chartophylax).

chrysobull
(gold seal) Imperial document of the Byzantine state which was so named because it bore the gold seal of the emperor.

comes
1. A title in the Roman and the Byzantine Empires, designating an official with political but mostly military jurisdiction. Especially the comes Orientis held the position corresponding to that of a vicar in Early Byzantine period. In the years of Justinian I, the comes in head of wider provinces assumed political and military powers, while in the Middle Byzantine period the Opsikion theme was one of the few themes which was the jurisdiction of a comes instead of a strategos.2. A nobility title in medieval Europe.

domestikos
A term that during Byzantine times denoted a wide array of ecclesiastic, civil and military officials. In church hierarchy the domestikoi were in charge of special groups connected with liturgical rites, such as lectors, sub-deacons but mainly cantors. In the military chain of command during the 6th, 7th and 8th century the domestikoi were the commanders of the tagmata, the regiments under the direct command of the Emperor.

domestikos ton scholon
Commander of the regiment of scholae. The first officer with this title appears in 767/8. In the 10th C the domesticos became very powerful among the army of the themata; in mid-10th C the office was divided in two, domestikoi ton scholon of the East and those of the West, commanders in chief of the eastern and the western provinces´ army respectively.

doukas (lat. dux)
Antiquity: Roman military commander who, in some provinces, combined military and civil functions.Buzantium: a higher military officer. From the second half of the 10th c. the title indicates the military comander of a larger district. After the 12th c., doukes were called the governors of small themes.

droungarios
A military rank, first mentioned in the 7th century. This officer was in command of a droungos, a subdivision of the provincial army (thema).

episkepsis, couratoria
(byz) The large imperial estates, namely "episkepseis" (under the episkeptites) or "curatoria" (under the curator), included settlements, arable lands, forests, aquafer, domestic animals and cattle. The episkepseis could be either autonomous or form parts of the curatoriae, which were rather larger estates. Any autonomous episkepsis could become a private estate after an imperial donation.

exarchate
Byzantine administrative term, designating a territorial and and administrative unit. It was formed in late 6th C. in Carthago and Ravenna, both regions of high political and military importance. The exarch (the govrnor of an exarchate) accordingly combined both political and military power. The exarchate of Carthago is attested until the late 7th C., while that of Ravenna until the mid-8th C.

indiction
A 15-year cycle according to which a year was assigned in the Middle Ages. Initially it denoted an extraordinary agricultural tax; later on (under Constantine I) it was a tax of which the amount remained unchanged during a 15-year cycle. It gradually acquired a chronological meaning, which it kept even after the tax ceased to exist. The chronological system based on indictions became mandatory under Justinian I. The system was not absolutely precise, since it was the years of the indiction that were reckoned (first indiction, second indiction and so on, until the fifteenth), while the cycles themselves were not numbered.

katepano
(from "epano","above") Governor of a katepania. Title that from the end of the 10th century characterized the commanders of large provinces as Italy or Mesopotamia and from the 11th century, it was used also in the regions of Bulgaria, Antioch etc.

komes tes kortes
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kommerkiarios (commerciarius)
An official of the fiscal service in charge of the levying of the tax called commercion (δεκάτη<, 10%), that was imposed over the portage and the selling of articles. The jurisdinction of each commerciarius was exersised either over specific urban centers with vivid commercial activity or over particular widespread territories of the empire. Since the official had been appointed by the emperor himself he used to be called "royal commerciarius". In the Late Byzantine era the commerciarius acted also as an individual entrepreneur who used to merchandise silk for his own interest.

kommerkion
This name had two meanings in Byzantium 1. Commercium (lat.), which in late Roman times designated the frontier cities where exchanges with foreign merchants were authorised. 2. Kommerkion, which was a circulation and sales tax, paid at the customs, and collected on mercandise imported into the empire and on merchandise reaching Constantinople by the sea. It appears in the sources c. 800 and was also called dekate, its rate being 10 percent of the merchandise value.

krites
Byzantine judicial office.

logothetes
A title designating high-rank officials, both administrative and ecclesiastical. Their responsibilities were mainly in the economic domain. The office of the logothetes of the Patriarchate gradually gained in importance after the 12th century. As for the logothetes of the metropolises, they seem to have assumed judicial jurisdiction.

logothetes tou genikou
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mandator
An office of the Middle Byzantine period. His role was generally to act as a messenger, while sometimes he held extraordinary functions. It appears as an office around the 9th century. There were ‘basilikoi mandatores’ (=royal messengers), headed by the ‘protomandator’ (=supreme messenger) serving the imperial court, as well as simple ‘mandatores’, i.e. military or civilian officials at the service of the military governor of the logothetes tou dromou. During his public appearances, the emperor was accompanied by a royal protomandator, who brandished a “χρυσέον βεργίν”, that is a golden rod embellished with precious stones. The office of the mandatory was replaced in around the 12th century by that of the tzaousios.

Notitia episcopatuum
The Notitiae episcopatuum are official documents of the Patriarchate of Constantinople and Antioch, containing the ecclesiastical dioceses in hierarchical order.These documents were modfied regularly.

praetorian prefecture (praefecura praitorio)
In Late Roman Empire it was the basic administrative unit. Prefectures were estabished by Constantine I (4th century). The Empire was then divided to four praetorian prefectures: i) praefectura praetorio per Orientem (prefecture of Oriens), ii) praefectura praetorio Galliarum (prefecture of Galliae), iii) praefectura praetorio per Illyricum (prefecture of Illyricum), iv) praefectura praetorio Italiae, Illyrici et Africae (prefecture of Italia and Africa).

procurator
Administrator of a roman Province deriving from the class of equites. He was controlled directly by the Emperor and his legati Augusti pro praetore.

pronoia
("care", "forethought") An institution that goes back to the 11th century. It refers to estates granted to a prominent military official or to the Church; it also designates in general the right of an individual of areligious foundation to receive directly from citizens of farmers whatever dues they would normally be obliged to pay to the state. The holder of a pronoia was called pronoiarios. The pronoiai could not be inherited by the family of military officials after their death, while when a donation was made to the Church, the pronoia was considered full and permanent.

protonotarios
High byzantine official. The chief of the notarioi (secretarial officials). The office of protonotarios was probably created with the system of the logothesia an was in use from the from the 9th to the 12th C. AD. In the Late Byzantine Period protonotarioi was the emperor's personal secretary and was mentioned as imperial grammateus.

sekreton
A Byzantine administrative term that denotes a bureau or department. It was in use throughout the Byzantine period and referred to various state sectors. From the 7th c. onward the term was also extended to ecclesiastical usages.

strategos ("general")
During the Roman period his duties were mainly political. Οffice of the Byzantine state´s provincial administration. At first the title was given to the military and political administrator of the themes, namely of the big geographic and administrative unities of the Byzantine empire. Gradually the title lost its power and, already in the 11th century, strategoi were turned to simple commanders of military units, responsible for the defence of a region.

tourma
(lat. turma, meaning squadron) Administrative division of a theme in the Middle Byzantine period. A tourma was further subdivised into droungoi and banda.

tourmarch
Civilian and military commander of a tourma, subdivision of a theme.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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